Mechanical Design 4 - Gearing Modelling & Force Analysis

General Data
Academic program	ECAM ENGINEERING PROGRAM			:
Type d'EC	Classes
Lectures : 8h00 Tutorials : 12h00 Project : 4h00 Total duration : 38h00	Status :	Period : Semester 4	Education language : English

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this course students will be able to understand and work on: Subject 1--Rigid Motions and Homogeneous Transformations (introduction to robotics) Subject 2- Computational design Project (Airfoil blade design) (mathematical modeling and programming using matlab software Subject 3-Gearing modeling (intermediate-advanced level)

Content
Subject 1-study the translation and rotation. We also introduce the notion of Homogeneous transformations which combines the operations of rotation and translation into a single matrix multiplication. Subject 2-Mathematical modeling of the aerodynamic equations and programming using Matlab is performed to calculate all the required forces and parameters. Wind turbines are designed to generate the maximum power from the wind with keeping the cost of construction reasonable. In this work, we have developed a mathematical modeling and numerical simulation using Finite volume method to optimize the geometry of the blades and thereby extract the maximum power. Modeling was performed using the Blade Element Momentum Theory, numerical values and Aerodynamic equations were developed for geometry optimization Applying conservation of angular momentum equations and using the blade element theory we derive the differential forces, torque, power, angles and the power coefficient. Then, we calculated the total thrust T, torque, Q, and power, P as the sum of the differential power from each of the spanwise segments. All the geometrical blade parameters that maximize the power extracted from the wind was chosen for geometrical modeling and CFD simulations. These results were obtained as functions of different inputs like the speed ratio and the number of blades and many other geometrical parameters. The obtained values that maximize the maximum power were used to design the geometry of the blade using CREO software. The simulation results show the importance of numerical simulation to optimize the blades geometry and improve wind turbine performance Subject 3 gears 3-• Principal of gearing • (forces analysis) • CREO modeling, assembly and simulation of different type of gears (Advanced level); spur gear, helical gear, bevel gear)

Content

Subject 1-study the translation and rotation. We also introduce the notion of Homogeneous transformations which combines the operations of rotation and translation into a single matrix multiplication.

Subject 2-Mathematical modeling of the aerodynamic equations and programming using Matlab is performed to calculate all the required forces and parameters.
Wind turbines are designed to generate the maximum power from the wind with keeping the cost of construction reasonable. In this work, we have developed a mathematical modeling and numerical simulation using Finite volume method to optimize the geometry of the blades and thereby extract the maximum power. Modeling was performed using the Blade Element Momentum Theory, numerical values and Aerodynamic equations were developed for geometry optimization
Applying conservation of angular momentum equations and using the blade element theory we derive the differential forces, torque, power, angles and the power coefficient. Then, we calculated the total thrust T, torque, Q, and power, P as the sum of the differential power from each of the spanwise segments.
All the geometrical blade parameters that maximize the power extracted from the wind was chosen for geometrical modeling and CFD simulations. These results were obtained as functions of different inputs like the speed ratio and the number of blades and many other geometrical parameters.
The obtained values that maximize the maximum power were used to design the geometry of the blade using CREO software.
The simulation results show the importance of numerical simulation to optimize the blades geometry and improve wind turbine performance

Subject 3 gears
3-• Principal of gearing
• (forces analysis)
• CREO modeling, assembly and simulation of different type of gears (Advanced level); spur gear, helical gear, bevel gear)

Pre-requisites / co-requisites
Mechanical design 1/CAD Ansys software Matlab/octave programming ( basic_intermediate knowledge )

Bibliography
Essential resources: Richard G. Budynas J. Keith Nisbet Shigley's,2011,Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design,McGraw-Hill series in mechanical engineering J.F. Manwell, J.G. McGowan and A.L. Rogers ,2002, Wind Energy Explained – Theory, Design and Application recommended resources : Han Chao; Aerodynamics Analysis of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blades by Using 2D and 3D CFD Modelling; Tip speed ratio; [online resource] Hansen, A. and Butterfield, C. (1993). Aerodynamics of horizontal-axis wind turbines. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. Walker, J. and Jenkins, N. (1997). Wind Energy Technology. JohnWiley and Sons, Ltd.

Bibliography

Essential resources:
Richard G. Budynas J. Keith Nisbet Shigley's,2011,Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design,McGraw-Hill series in mechanical engineering
J.F. Manwell, J.G. McGowan and A.L. Rogers ,2002, Wind Energy Explained – Theory, Design and Application

recommended resources :
Han Chao; Aerodynamics Analysis of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blades by Using 2D and 3D CFD Modelling; Tip speed ratio; [online resource]
Hansen, A. and Butterfield, C. (1993). Aerodynamics of horizontal-axis wind turbines. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics.
Walker, J. and Jenkins, N. (1997). Wind Energy Technology. JohnWiley and Sons, Ltd.

Assessment(s)
N°	Nature	Coefficient	Observable objectives
1	Students should provide 3 main homework and projects ( gears modeling on CREO )	0,15	Continuous Assessment
2	Students should work on a project and by the end of semester: • Both report and codes should be provided. • Every student will be tested individually about the theoretical concept, algorithms and codes • Equations should not learned by heart. All parameters and nomenclatures should be however understood and learned. The scale will be as follows: • Codes 80% of the entire note. 30% of the note is shared* with all members of the group and 50% will be defined for every student after the oral examination. The grading criteria: codes that work with correct algorithm and values and well understanding and addressing the questions ( theory , nomenclature, algorithm and codes) • Report: 20% will be shared with all students belonged to a group. *If the individual test shows that the student didn’t do any work, the shared note is then graded zero for the concerned student.	0,3	Project
3	Final written exam about gears forces analysis	0,55	Written exam